OpenWrt的ipk包安装-白红宇

在 make menuconfig 进行裁减 OpenWrt 时，为了让系统更精小一点，我们会把部分功能以“模块”的方式编译，即不编入内核，只是在后期用户可以进行安装与卸载。

包安装示例

如下关于Lua的配置项：

其中 json4lua, lua-cjson, lua-copas, lua-coxpcall 是没有编入原生系统的。

在 make 完成之后。

在 bin/ar71xx/packages/ 路径下全是 ipk 安装包。其中上面对应的安装包就在 bin/ar71xx/packages/packages/ 目录下。

#--开发机--$ ls lua*lua-cjson_2.1.0-1_ar71xx.ipk      lua-rs232_1.0.3-1_ar71xx.ipklua-copas_2.0.0-1_ar71xx.ipk      luasocket_3.0-rc1-20130909-3_ar71xx.ipklua-coxpcall_1.15.0-1_ar71xx.ipk  luasql-mysql_2.3.0-1_ar71xx.ipkluaposix_v33.2.1-4_ar71xx.ipk     luasql-sqlite3_2.3.0-1_ar71xx.ipk

怎么安装到 OpenWrt上呢？

首先，用 scp 将 ipk 包发送到 OpenWrt 系统上。本人的 OpenWrt 的 IP 为 192.168.1.2，以 luasql 为例

#--开发机--$ scp luasql-mysql_2.3.0-1_ar71xx.ipk root@192.168.1.2:root@192.168.1.2's password: 
    <输入密码>
     luasql-mysql_2.3.0-1_ar71xx.ipk                      100% 6441     6.3KB/s   00:00

SSH登入 OpenWrt，查看文件。luasql-mysql_2.3.0-1_ar71xx.ipk 已在 /root/ 目录下了。

#--OpenWrt---$ opkg install luasql-mysql_2.3.0-1_ar71xx.ipkInstalling luasql-mysql (2.3.0-1) to root...Collected errors: * satisfy_dependencies_for: Cannot satisfy the following dependencies for luasql-mysql: *     libmysqlclient *  * opkg_install_cmd: Cannot install package luasql-mysql.

Oops，出师不力（不用惊慌，这也是常常遇到的事儿）～缺 libmysqlclient 库。

那就看看 libmysqlclient 库的 ipk 包有没有。如果 bin/ar71xx/packages 路径下没有，则是 make menuconfig 时没有加进来。这时，修改配置，再make一下就会有了。

在 bin/ar71xx/packages/ 路径下 find 一下。

#--开发机---$ find -name "libmysqlclient*"./packages/libmysqlclient_5.1.73-1_ar71xx.ipk

有！那就不用再make一遍了。

同样，用 scp 将 libmysqlclient_5.1.73-1_ar71xx.ipk 文件传送到 OpenWrt。

#--开发机---$ scp libmysqlclient_5.1.73-1_ar71xx.ipk root@192.168.1.2:

再在 OpenWrt 的 SSH 里安装刚发送过来的 ipk 包。

#--OpenWrt---$ opkg install libmysqlclient_5.1.73-1_ar71xx.ipk Installing libmysqlclient (5.1.73-1) to root...Collected errors: * satisfy_dependencies_for: Cannot satisfy the following dependencies for libmysqlclient: *     uclibcxx *  * opkg_install_cmd: Cannot install package libmysqlclient.

Oops～Again，libmysqlclient还依赖于uclibcxx库。安装 uclibcxx 库。

#--开发机---$ scp base/uclibcxx_0.2.4-1_ar71xx.ipk root@192.168.1.2:

#--OpenWrt---$ opkg install uclibcxx_0.2.4-1_ar71xx.ipk Installing uclibcxx (0.2.4-1) to root...Configuring uclibcxx.

uclibcxx库OK了

再来安装 libmysqlclient 库

#--OpenWrt---$ opkg install libmysqlclient_5.1.73-1_ar71xx.ipk Installing libmysqlclient (5.1.73-1) to root...Configuring libmysqlclient.

libmysqlclient库OK了。

最后安装 luasql 库

#--OpenWrt---$ opkg install luasql-mysql_2.3.0-1_ar71xx.ipkInstalling luasql-mysql (2.3.0-1) to root...Configuring luasql-mysql.

就这样，luasql 库安装完成了。

在 OpenWrt 系统的 /usr/lib/lua/ 目录下多出一个 luasql 目录，在该目录下有一个 mysql.so 文件。

启动 Lua 试试看：

#--OpenWrt---$ luaLua 5.1.5  Copyright (C) 1994-2012 Lua.org, PUC-Rio (double int32)> require 'luasql.mysql'

成功。

opkg 的使用

opkg 有点类似地 ubuntu 中的 dpkg 包管理工具。常见的用法是：安装、卸载软件包。

usage: opkg [options...] sub-command [arguments...]where sub-command is one of:Package Manipulation:    update            Update list of available packages    upgrade 
    
             Upgrade packages    install 
     
              Install package(s)    configure 
      
           Configure unpacked package(s)    remove 
       
            Remove package(s)    flag 
         
         
           Flag package(s) 
          
           =hold|noprune|user|ok|installed|unpacked (one per invocation)Informational Commands: list List available packages list-installed List installed packages list-upgradable List installed and upgradable packages list-changed-conffiles List user modified configuration files files 
           
             List files belonging to 
            
              search 
             
               List package providing 
              
                find 
               
                 List packages whose name or description matches 
                
                  info [pkg|regexp] Display all info for 
                 
                   status [pkg|regexp] Display all status for 
                  
                    download 
                   
                     Download 
                    
                      to current directory compare-versions 
                      
                       
                       
                         compare versions using <= < > >= = << >> print-architecture List installable package architectures depends [-A] [pkgname|pat]+ whatdepends [-A] [pkgname|pat]+ whatdependsrec [-A] [pkgname|pat]+ whatrecommends[-A] [pkgname|pat]+ whatsuggests[-A] [pkgname|pat]+ whatprovides [-A] [pkgname|pat]+ whatconflicts [-A] [pkgname|pat]+ whatreplaces [-A] [pkgname|pat]+Options: -A Query all packages not just those installed -V[
                        
                         ] Set verbosity level to 
                         
                          . --verbosity[=
                          
                           ] Verbosity levels: 0 errors only 1 normal messages (default) 2 informative messages 3 debug 4 debug level 2 -f 
                           
                             Use 
                            
                              as the opkg configuration file --conf 
                             
                               --cache 
                              
                                Use a package cache -d 
                               
                                 Use 
                                
                                  as the the root directory for --dest 
                                 
                                   package installation, removal, upgrading. 
                                  
                                    should be a defined dest name from the configuration file, (but can also be a directory name in a pinch). -o 
                                   
                                     Use 
                                    
                                      as the root directory for --offline-root 
                                     
                                       offline installation of packages. --add-arch 
                                      
                                       :
                                       
                                         Register architecture with given priority --add-dest 
                                        
                                         :
                                         
                                           Register destination with given pathForce Options: --force-depends Install/remove despite failed dependencies --force-maintainer Overwrite preexisting config files --force-reinstall Reinstall package(s) --force-overwrite Overwrite files from other package(s) --force-downgrade Allow opkg to downgrade packages --force-space Disable free space checks --force-postinstall Run postinstall scripts even in offline mode --force-remove Remove package even if prerm script fails --force-checksum Don't fail on checksum mismatches --noaction No action -- test only --download-only No action -- download only --nodeps Do not follow dependencies --nocase Perform case insensitive pattern matching --force-removal-of-dependent-packages Remove package and all dependencies --autoremove Remove packages that were installed automatically to satisfy dependencies -t Specify tmp-dir. --tmp-dir Specify tmp-dir. regexp could be something like 'pkgname*' '*file*' or similar e.g. opkg info 'libstd*' or opkg search '*libop*' or opkg remove 'libncur*'